Titanium dioxide (TiO₂)yog ib qho inorganic compound dav siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj, coatings, thiab industrial cov ntaub ntawv. Vim nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws opacity, tshuaj stability, thiab kho qhov muag kev ua tau zoo, nws tau ntev tau suav hais tias yog ib yam khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb nanomaterial, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias txoj kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lom neeg sib txawv. Yog li, kev ntsuam xyuas kev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam ntawm titanium dioxide yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas zoo raws li cov txheej txheem toxicological, txoj hauv kev raug, thiab koob tshuaj - teb kev sib raug zoo.
1. Muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai ntawm kev nqus pa
Ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev raug, kev nqus pa yog suav tias yog txoj kev pheej hmoo siab tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig xws li kev tsim titanium dioxide, kev ua hmoov nplej, thiab tshuaj tsuag txheej. Thaum cov pa titanium dioxide tuaj yeem ua pa-feem ntau cov me dua 10 micrometers- nqus tau, lawv tuaj yeem tso rau hauv thaj chaw alveolar ntawm lub ntsws.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm pathological, ntev - lub sij hawm raug rau cov plua plav ntau tuaj yeem ua rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Titanium dioxide hais tuaj yeem txhawb kev ua kom macrophage nyob rau hauv lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau kev tso tawm ntawm inflammatory mediators thiab kev loj hlob ntawm inflammatory kev tshwm sim. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tau pom tias ntev ntev raug rau cov koob tshuaj ntau yuav ua rau pulmonary fibrosis thiab txawm tias qog nqaij hlav. Raws li cov kev tshawb pom no, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Cancer (IARC) tau faib cov pa nqus tau titanium dioxide plua plav raws li Pawg 2B "muaj peev xwm carcinogen rau tib neeg." Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev faib tawm no feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsiaj es tsis yog cov pov thawj ntawm tib neeg kev kis mob.
Cov theem kev pheej hmoo yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov concentration, lub sijhawm, thiab qhov loj me. Feem ntau ntawm ib puag ncig raug pom muaj qis dua li cov uas tau ntsib hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm.
2. Cov yam ntxwv lom neeg ntawm Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nano- nplai titanium dioxide (feem ntau cov khoom me dua 100 nanometers) tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Vim nws qhov chaw ntog ntau ntxiv, nanomaterials nthuav tawm ntau dua nto reactivity. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias nano- loj TiO₂ particles tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau dua hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dawb radical, uas ua rau DNA puas thiab chromosomal txawv txav.
Kev sim cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias nanoparticles tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov cellular ua haujlwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li kev puas tsuaj mitochondrial, reactive oxygen hom tsim, thiab ua kom cov kab mob inflammatory. Tsis tas li ntawd, nanoparticles muaj peev xwm nkag tau lom neeg muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev sim, lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab sib sau ua ke rau qee yam hauv nruab nrog cev xws li daim siab thiab ob lub raum. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau qhov kev tshawb pom tam sim no tau muab los ntawm cov qauv tsiaj thiab cov kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro, thiab qhov ntev - cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tseem yog thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua.
3. Cov teebmeem ntawm qhov ncauj noj ntawm lub plab zom mov
Khoom noj khoom haus-qib titanium dioxide muaj keeb kwm tau siv los ua kom dawb thiab xim ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom xws li khoom qab zib, zom cov pos hniav, thiab cov khoom siv mis nyuj. Kev tshawb fawb feem ntau qhia tau hais tias cov pa micron - loj TiO₂ muaj qhov nqus ntawm plab hnyuv, nrog rau feem ntau cov khoom raug tawm los ntawm cov quav.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb sim tau qhia tias kev noj cov titanium dioxide ntev ntev uas muaj cov nanoparticles tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub plab microbiota. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tau qhia tias nanoparticles tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txoj hnyuv ua haujlwm, ua rau cov lus teb hauv zos, thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov piam thaj metabolism thiab kev tswj hwm insulin. Nws yuav tsum tau hais txog, txawm li cas los xij, cov pov thawj kho mob hauv tib neeg tseem txwv, thiab cov cai tswj hwm kev siv zaub mov txawv ntawm ntau lub tebchaws.
4. Kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb ntawm Dermal Exposure
Titanium dioxide yog dav siv los ua UV- thaiv tus neeg sawv cev hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev nqus dej dermal, kev tshawb fawb dav dav pom tau tias cov pa particle- loj TiO₂ tsis zoo li nkag mus rau tib neeg cov tawv nqaij. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem nqus los ntawm cov tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv yog suav tias yog qhov tsawg heev.
Txawm tias nyob rau hauv nanoparticle daim ntaub ntawv, feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias titanium dioxide hais feem ntau nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij saum npoo los yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus plaub hau, nthuav tawm tsawg kawg nkaus kev noj qab haus huv.
5. Tswj kev pheej hmoo thiab kev tiv thaiv
Txawm hais tias titanium dioxide feem ntau suav hais tias muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam rau siab - concentration.
Ua ntej, kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev txo cov plua plav. Kev txhim kho siab -cov tshuab ua pa ua haujlwm tau zoo, cov cuab yeej siv plua plav, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem txo cov pa hauv huab cua ntau heev. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem yuav tsum hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ua pa uas muaj ntawv pov thawj kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nqus pa.
Qhov thib ob, kev tsim khoom thiab kev cia khoom yuav tsum ua kom cov hmoov dispersion tsawg. Cov tshuab pub mis tsis siv neeg, cov txheej txheem ntub dej, thiab cov thev naus laus zis pelletization tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tsim cov pa phem.
Rau cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev saib xyuas tus kheej, kev ua raws li cov qauv kev cai nruj heev yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tswj particle loj tis thiab additive concentrations thaum ntxiv dag zog rau cov saw zoo saib xyuas pab kom cov khoom muaj kev ruaj ntseg.
Ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, cov tib neeg feem ntau tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog titanium dioxide hauv cov khoom tswj hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nqus cov hmoov xoob xoob tshuaj pleev ib ce lossis kev lag luam - qib hmoov yuav tsum raug zam.
6. Kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo
Zuag qhia tag nrho, titanium dioxide yog cov khoom siv tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov uas nws muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau nyob ntawm seb qhov loj me, kev raug, thiab qib npaum li cas. Kev ua haujlwm nqus pa thiab ntev - kev noj cov nanoparticles tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tshawb fawb, qhov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov neeg siv khoom ib txwm muaj feem ntau suav tias yog qis.
Raws li nanotechnology txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm titanium dioxide yuav ua rau tob zuj zus. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo thiab kev tswj hwm tus qauv, kev lag luam tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm titanium dioxide cov khoom zoo thaum ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.